Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a medical condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is a severe ailment that negatively affects the body's immune system, rendering it weak and unable to defend against various infections and diseases. AIDS is considered the most advanced stage of HIV infection.
The progression from HIV to AIDS occurs when the immune system becomes significantly compromised, leading to a wide range of symptoms and opportunistic infections. These symptoms may include persistent fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes. As the disease progresses, the individual becomes more susceptible to severe illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, certain types of cancer, and various infections.
The diagnosis of AIDS is made through laboratory tests that detect the presence of HIV in the blood. It is important to note that AIDS is not directly transmitted; rather, it is a result of untreated or unmanaged HIV infection. HIV is primarily transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, often through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
While there is no cure for AIDS, advancements in medical technology and antiretroviral therapy have significantly improved the quality of life for individuals living with the disease. Effective treatment can suppress HIV replication, slow the progression to AIDS, and prevent transmission to others. Additionally, various supportive interventions aim to manage the symptoms and prevent opportunistic infections in individuals with AIDS.
