Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex (AIDS Dementia Complex or ADC) is a medical condition characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neurological dysfunction that occurs as a result of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is considered to be a common neurological complication associated with HIV infection.
ADC is classified as an acquired dementia syndrome, meaning that it is not present at birth but develops later in life due to specific circumstances, in this case, related to HIV infection. The complex is caused by the direct effect of the virus on the central nervous system, as well as the indirect impact of the immune system's response to HIV.
Symptoms of ADC can vary in severity and include cognitive impairment, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, behavioral changes, motor abnormalities, and disturbances in coordination and balance. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience difficulties with daily living activities, profound confusion, and even personality changes.
ADC usually occurs in advanced stages of HIV infection, particularly when the immune system becomes severely compromised. However, with advances in antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of ADC has significantly decreased. Treatment for ADC primarily focuses on managing the underlying HIV infection through antiretroviral medications, as well as providing supportive care to address the cognitive and neurological symptoms.
Overall, ADC is a specific neurological complication associated with advanced HIV infection, characterized by a range of cognitive and neurological symptoms that can significantly impair an individual's daily functioning.
