THYROID CANCERS Meaning and
Definition
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Thyroid cancers are a group of malignant tumors that develop in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front part of the neck, responsible for the production of hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Thyroid cancers arise when the cells within the thyroid gland mutate and grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
There are several types of thyroid cancer, including papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type and tends to grow slowly. Follicular thyroid cancer is less common and has a higher chance of spreading to other organs. Medullary thyroid cancer originates from the thyroid's C cells, while anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most aggressive and rapidly growing form.
Risk factors for developing thyroid cancer include exposure to ionizing radiation, a family history of the disease, certain genetic conditions, and a history of goiter or thyroid nodules. Symptoms usually include a lump or swelling in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or persistent coughing. However, some thyroid cancers may be asymptomatic, making early detection challenging.
The primary treatment for thyroid cancer is surgery to remove the tumor and potentially nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, radioactive iodine therapy or external beam radiation therapy may be administered to destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery. Systemic therapies such as targeted therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended for advanced or recurrent cases.
Overall prognosis for thyroid cancer is generally favorable, with high survival rates. Regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial to detect any recurrence or metastasis and manage thyroid hormone levels after treatment.
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Etymology of THYROID CANCERS
The word "thyroid" originates from the Greek word "thyreoeidēs", which means "like a shield". This term was utilized because the thyroid gland, located in the neck, is shaped like a shield. The word "cancer" is derived from the Latin word "cancer", meaning "crab". It was named so because the swollen veins around a tumor reminded the ancient Romans of a crab's legs. Therefore, the term "thyroid cancers" refers to malignant tumors that develop in the thyroid gland.
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