Pronunciation: [sˈʌbsɔ͡ɪl] (IPA) 
The word "subsoil" is spelled with a "b" rather than a "p" because it comes from the prefix "sub-" meaning "under" and the root word "soil". The IPA phonetic transcription for "subsoil" is /ˈsʌbˌsɔɪl/. The first syllable is pronounced with the "s" sound followed by a short "u" sound and a "b" sound. The second syllable has a short "o" sound, followed by an "i" sound and an "l" sound. The stress falls on the first syllable: SÚBsoil.
Subsoil refers to the layer of soil that lies directly beneath the topsoil in the Earth's crust. It is typically located between the topsoil and the bedrock or parent material. This layer is characterized by its lower nutrient content and reduced organic matter compared to the topsoil.
The subsoil is composed of various types of minerals, such as clay, silt, sand, and gravel. These particles are often packed more tightly and have less air space, making it less permeable to water and air. As a result, drainage and aeration are usually poorer in the subsoil. The subsoil may also retain more water, leading to dampness or waterlogging in some areas.
Due to its composition and characteristics, the subsoil plays a crucial role in plant growth and agriculture. It serves as a reservoir for storing water that can be accessed by plants during periods of drought. The subsoil also acts as a supportive foundation, providing stability to plants and preventing soil erosion. However, its lower fertility can limit plant nutrients, making it less conducive to optimal plant growth.
In construction or engineering contexts, subsoil may refer to the underlying soil layer that is excavated or altered during construction projects. Evaluating the engineering properties and stability of the subsoil is essential for ensuring the integrity and safety of infrastructure projects.
Overall, the subsoil is a vital component of the soil profile, playing key roles in plant nutrition, water retention, and supporting structures.
The soil lying under the surface soil; the stratum of earth lying between the upper soil and the rocks.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "subsoil" comes from the combination of two words: "sub" and "soil".
The term "sub" is a prefix derived from Latin and means "under" or "below". It is commonly used to indicate a position beneath or lower than something else.
The word "soil" has its roots in Old French, coming from the Latin word "solum", meaning "ground" or "floor". In English, "soil" refers to the upper layer of the earth's crust, usually a mixture of organic material (such as decaying plants or animals) and minerals.
Therefore, when we combine "sub" and "soil", we get "subsoil", which refers to the layer of soil beneath the topsoil. It usually consists of a dense, hardpan or compacted layer with lesser organic matter and more mineral content.
