Reiter's disease, also known as reactive arthritis, is a rare but serious type of inflammatory joint disease that typically affects the joints, eyes, and urinary tract. It is considered an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
The condition is characterized by the triad of symptoms known as the Reiter's syndrome, which includes arthritis, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes), and urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). However, Reiter's disease can also involve other parts of the body, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system.
The exact cause of Reiter's disease is unknown, although it is believed to be triggered by a bacterial or viral infection, such as those related to certain sexually transmitted infections, digestive system infections, or respiratory tract infections. The immune response to the initial infection leads to chronic inflammation in various organs and tissues, causing the characteristic symptoms.
The most common joints affected by Reiter's disease are the knees, ankles, and feet, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness. Additionally, eye inflammation can result in redness, pain, and blurred vision. Urethritis manifests as painful urination and an increased frequency of urination.
Treatment of Reiter's disease involves addressing both the underlying infection as well as the symptoms. This may include antibiotics to treat the infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation, and corticosteroids for more severe cases.
Early diagnosis and proper management of Reiter's disease are crucial to prevent long-term complications, such as joint deformities and organ damage, and to improve the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
