Radical Neck Dissections, also known as RND, is a surgical procedure used to treat certain types of head and neck cancers, particularly those that have metastasized to the lymph nodes in the neck. It involves the removal of the lymph nodes, along with other structures in the neck region, including the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and spinal accessory nerve.
This procedure is considered radical because it involves a comprehensive and extensive excision of the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues. It is typically performed when the cancer has spread significantly to the lymph nodes, making it necessary to remove all potentially affected tissues.
Radical neck dissections are usually performed under general anesthesia and can be approached through various incision techniques, including the modified radical neck dissection (MRND) and selective neck dissection (SND). The choice of technique depends on the extent of the cancer and the specific structures involved.
The primary goal of radical neck dissections is to remove cancerous lymph nodes and prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. However, this procedure can lead to several potential complications, including post-operative swelling, nerve damage, impaired shoulder movement, and increased risk of infections.
After undergoing a radical neck dissection, patients may require additional treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, to ensure complete eradication of cancer cells. Close follow-up care is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new metastases.
