Rabbit Fibromatosis Viruses (RFV) refer to a group of viruses that primarily affect rabbits and cause the development of fibromas or fibrous tumors. RFVs belong to the genus Leporipoxvirus within the family Poxviridae. They are classified into two main types, namely Shope fibroma virus (SFV) and Myxoma virus-like viruses (MV).
Shope fibroma virus is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that primarily affects North American cottontail rabbits. It is transmitted through direct contact, insect vectors, or mechanical transmission. SFV causes the formation of fibrous tumors, commonly referred to as fibromas, on the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or internal organs of infected rabbits. These tumors can vary in size, number, and location.
Myxoma virus-like viruses are also enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses that infect rabbits globally. They are primarily transmitted by insects such as fleas, mosquitoes, or ticks. These viruses can induce the development of severe clinical signs and pathological lesions, including generalized edema, cutaneous lesions, and myxomas. Myxomas are soft, benign tumors that mainly grow in the subcutaneous tissue, but can also affect various organs.
Rabbit Fibromatosis Viruses have been extensively studied due to their ability to induce tumors in rabbits, serving as valuable models for cancer research. These viruses can impact commercial rabbit farming, particularly when outbreaks occur. Vaccination against RFVs can help prevent infection and reduce the spread of the diseases associated with these viruses.
