Pulseless disease, also known as Takayasu arteritis or aortic arch syndrome, is a rare chronic inflammatory condition that affects the large arteries, particularly the aorta and its major branches. This disease primarily affects young to middle-aged adults, predominantly women, and is characterized by the gradual narrowing, thickening, and scarring of the affected arteries.
The term "pulseless disease" derives from one of the hallmark manifestations of this condition, which is the diminished or absent pulses in affected arteries. This occurs due to the inflammation and scarring of the arterial walls, leading to inadequate blood flow to various regions of the body. Consequently, patients may commonly experience symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, muscle pain, headaches, and high blood pressure.
The exact cause of pulseless disease remains unknown; however, it is believed to involve an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy arterial tissue. Genetic factors may also play a role in increasing the susceptibility to this rare condition.
Diagnosis of pulseless disease typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, physical examination, and various imaging studies such as Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options aim to suppress inflammation, control blood pressure, and manage related symptoms. Medications, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, are commonly prescribed to reduce arterial inflammation and prevent further damage. In cases of severe or progressive arterial narrowing, surgical interventions, such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass grafting, may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow.
Overall, pulseless disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the narrowing and scarring of large arteries, leading to diminished or absent pulses and potential complications associated with inadequate blood supply to
