Premenstrual tension, commonly abbreviated as PMT, refers to a range of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms experienced by some individuals with female reproductive organs in the time leading up to menstruation. This condition occurs during the latter half of their menstrual cycle, typically one to two weeks before the start of their period.
The symptoms of premenstrual tension can vary greatly from person to person, but commonly include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, bloating, breast tenderness, food cravings, headaches, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms can significantly impact the affected individual's quality of life, relationships, and daily functioning.
While the exact cause of premenstrual tension is still uncertain, hormonal fluctuations, specifically changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, are believed to play a key role. Other contributing factors may include a serotonin imbalance, nutrient deficiencies, stress, and lifestyle factors.
Treatment for premenstrual tension involves a combination of self-care strategies and medical interventions. Lifestyle modifications like regular exercise, balanced diet, stress management techniques, and adequate sleep can help alleviate symptoms. Medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal birth control methods, diuretics, and antidepressants, may be prescribed to mitigate severe symptoms.
It is important to note that while premenstrual tension is a common phenomenon experienced by many individuals, a more severe form of this condition called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) also exists. PMDD is characterized by debilitating emotional and physical symptoms that significantly impair daily activities, and it requires specialized medical attention.
