Minor salivary glands are small, accessory glands located throughout the oral cavity that secrete saliva. These glands are distinguished from major salivary glands, such as the parotid and submandibular glands, due to their smaller size and dispersed distribution. They typically range in size from microscopic clusters to being one to two millimeters in diameter.
The minor salivary glands are present in various regions of the oral cavity, including the palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, and the lining of the cheeks. These glands play a crucial role in oral health by producing saliva, a watery fluid rich in enzymes, electrolytes, mucins, and antimicrobial substances. Saliva aids in digestion, lubricates the oral tissues, facilitates speech, prevents dental caries, and helps maintain oral hygiene.
The secretion of these glands is controlled by autonomic nerves, primarily parasympathetic fibers, which stimulate salivary gland cells to produce saliva. Dysfunction of the minor salivary glands can lead to dry mouth (xerostomia), which may result from various causes such as aging, certain medications, or autoimmune disorders. Xerostomia can cause discomfort, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, increased oral infections, and dental problems.
Overall, minor salivary glands are integral components of the oral cavity, contributing to the proper functioning and maintenance of oral health through the secretion of saliva.
