Meloe is a noun that refers to a genus of insects belonging to the family Meloidae, commonly known as oil beetles. With over 400 species, the Meloe genus is widely distributed across various regions, including Europe, North America, and Asia.
These insects typically possess a soft and elongated body, varying in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in length. Their coloration varies, but commonly includes shades of black, gray, or metallic green. One distinctive characteristic of Meloe beetles is their ability to excrete a toxic and irritating liquid called cantharidin, which is secreted from specialized glands found on their bodies. Cantharidin acts as a defense mechanism and protects the beetles from potential predators.
Meloe beetles are primarily herbivorous, feeding on various plants during their larval stage. The larvae often attach themselves to bees or other flower-visiting insects, hitching a ride to their nests. Once inside, they consume the bee's eggs and stored food, eventually pupating and emerging as adults.
In addition to their ecological role, some species of Meloe beetles have been used in traditional medicine due to the presence of cantharidin, which possesses medicinal properties. However, it is essential to note that cantharidin is highly toxic and can cause severe skin irritation or internal damage if mishandled or ingested.
Overall, the genus Meloe encompasses a diverse group of oil beetles characterized by their distinctive appearance, ecological habits, and intriguing defense mechanisms.
