Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is a rare medical condition characterized by a triad of symptoms: recurring facial paralysis, chronic swelling of the face, and fissured tongue. This disorder mostly affects individuals during childhood or early adolescence, and its exact cause remains unknown.
Facial paralysis, the predominant and most distinctive symptom, usually occurs episodically, resulting in temporary weakness or paralysis of facial muscles. These episodes are usually unilateral and last for hours to days. The facial paralysis may be accompanied or preceded by swelling of the face, mainly around the lips, cheeks, and eyelids. The swelling is typically non-painful and can persist for days to weeks or even become chronic.
In addition to facial paralysis and swelling, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome often presents with a fissured or grooved tongue. This condition can result in pain or irritation in the affected part of the tongue, as well as difficulty in eating or speaking.
Diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is primarily based on the clinical presentation of the symptoms. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as granulomatous inflammation.
Although there is no specific cure for Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, treatment aims to manage the symptoms and prevent further complications. This may involve the use of corticosteroids to reduce swelling during acute episodes. Other options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive medications, or antibiotics if secondary infections are present. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be considered to improve facial function or relieve persistent swelling.
