Lundborg Unverricht Syndrome (LUS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the central nervous system and is classified as a type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The condition was first described by Swedish neurologist Sven Lundborg and Finnish neurologist Heinrich Unverricht in the early 1950s.
Lundborg Unverricht Syndrome is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including myoclonus (sudden, involuntary muscle jerks), ataxia (lack of muscle coordination), and epilepsy. The myoclonus typically starts in childhood or adolescence and progressively worsens over time, leading to difficulties in performing daily activities.
Individuals with Lundborg Unverricht Syndrome may also experience other neurological symptoms such as intention tremors (shaking that occurs during purposeful movement) and cognitive impairments. Seizures, such as generalized tonic-clonic or absence seizures, are common features of the syndrome.
The underlying cause of Lundborg Unverricht Syndrome is a mutation in the cystatin B gene (CSTB), which provides instructions for producing a protein that regulates enzymes within cells. The genetic mutation leads to a toxic buildup of certain proteins, causing the dysfunction of brain cells.
There is currently no cure for Lundborg Unverricht Syndrome, and treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications such as anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines are used to control seizures and reduce myoclonus. Physical and occupational therapies may also be beneficial in managing motor function and enhancing independence. Additionally, supportive care and psychological support can help individuals cope with the challenges associated with the syndrome.
