LIGATIONS Meaning and
Definition
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Ligations refer to a biological process wherein two DNA strands are chemically linked together by the formation of phosphodiester bonds. This process is frequently used in molecular biology to join DNA fragments, such as in the creation of recombinant plasmids or cloning experiments. Ligations involve the use of specific DNA ligase enzymes that catalyze the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides.
During the ligation reaction, the ends of DNA fragments are first prepared by creating cohesive or blunt ends. Cohesive ends are generated by cutting DNA with restriction enzymes that leave overhanging or sticky ends, which are easier to ligate together. Blunt ends, on the other hand, are produced by using restriction enzymes that cleave DNA without leaving any overhangs. Once the DNA ends are appropriately prepared, a DNA ligase enzyme is added, along with ATP as an energy source, to facilitate the ligation process. The ligase molecule recognizes and binds to the ends of the DNA fragments, forming phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides, thereby linking the fragments together.
In molecular biology, ligations are essential for constructing plasmids, joining DNA fragments in fusion proteins, creating recombinant DNA molecules, and generating gene libraries. Ligations are a fundamental technique in genetic engineering and have significantly contributed to various biological research fields, including genomics, gene therapy, and molecular diagnostics.
Common Misspellings for LIGATIONS
Etymology of LIGATIONS
The word "ligations" is derived from the Latin word "ligare", meaning "to bind or tie". In English, it specifically refers to the surgical procedure of ligating, which involves tying or sealing a blood vessel or duct. This term is commonly used in medical and scientific contexts.
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