Leriches Syndrome, also known as aortoiliac occlusive disease or Leriche's disease, is a medical condition that refers to the blockage or narrowing of the aorta or iliac arteries within the lower extremities. This condition predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly males, although it can occur in females and younger individuals as well.
The aorta is the largest artery in the body that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to various organs, while the iliac arteries supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs. When these arteries become narrowed or obstructed, it restricts blood flow to the lower extremities, resulting in a range of symptoms.
Common symptoms associated with Leriches Syndrome include claudication, which is characterized by pain, cramping, or weakness in the hips, thighs, or buttocks during physical activity. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience erectile dysfunction in males, cold or numb feet, decreased hair growth on the legs, leg weakness, and difficulty walking. In severe cases, gangrene or tissue death may occur.
A variety of factors can contribute to the development of Leriches Syndrome, including atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque within the arteries, which narrows and hardens them. Other risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and a family history of cardiovascular disease.
The diagnosis of Leriches Syndrome typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, along with imaging tests such as angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options for this condition may include lifestyle modifications (such as smoking cessation and exercise), medication to manage symptoms, endovascular procedures, or surgical interventions like bypass grafting.
