Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is a rare viral disease caused by Hantaviruses, primarily transmitted to humans through infected rodents. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, back pain, abdominal pain, headaches, and renal dysfunction. The name "Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome" was given due to its ability to cause bleeding disorders and kidney damage.
The Hantaviruses responsible for HFRS belong to the family Bunyaviridae. The virus enters humans through inhalation of aerosolized excreta (urine, saliva, and feces) of infected rodents, such as mice and rats. Humans can also become infected through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or by being bitten by infected rodents.
After an incubation period of one to two weeks, HFRS presents with flu-like symptoms such as high fever, chills, muscle aches, and fatigue. As the infection progresses, more severe symptoms may appear, including abdominal pain, blurry vision, low blood pressure, and acute renal failure. In some cases, the disease can lead to hemorrhagic complications, resulting in bleeding from the nose, gums, or gastrointestinal tract.
Early diagnosis of HFRS is crucial for effective treatment. Supportive care is typically provided to manage symptoms and complications, such as fluid and electrolyte balance, respiratory support, and dialysis in severe cases. There is no specific antiviral treatment available for HFRS. A vaccine to prevent Hantavirus infections is currently not available, so prevention mainly relies on rodent control measures and avoiding contact with rodent-infested areas.
