Hairy leukoplakia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of white, raised, and hairy patches on the tongue or the inside of the cheeks. It is predominantly seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other immune-compromising conditions.
The condition gets its name due to the hair-like projections present on the white patches, although it is important to note that these projections are not actual hair. These patches are caused by an overgrowth of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common virus that infects the majority of the population. However, individuals with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to complications associated with EBV, leading to the development of hairy leukoplakia.
Symptoms may vary but commonly include painless, white, and rough patches that cannot be easily scraped off. While hairy leukoplakia is predominantly benign, it can serve as an indicator of a weakened immune system and the progression of an underlying condition.
Treatment for hairy leukoplakia often focuses on managing the underlying cause, such as improving immune function through antiretroviral therapy for individuals with HIV infection. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups can help manage and prevent the condition.
It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of hairy leukoplakia, as it can be a sign of an underlying systemic condition.
