Corneal Granular Dystrophies refer to a group of inherited eye disorders characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye. These protein deposits, also known as granules, gradually build up and cause changes in the corneal tissue, leading to vision impairment.
Corneal Granular Dystrophies are categorized by the specific type of protein deposit present. One of the most common forms is Granular Corneal Dystrophy type 2 (GCD2), caused by a mutation in the TGFBI gene. In GCD2, granules consisting of a protein called transforming growth factor-beta induced (TGFBI) accumulate in the corneal stroma, the middle layer of the cornea. Other forms include Granular Corneal Dystrophy type 1 (GCD1) and Lattice Corneal Dystrophy.
Symptoms of Corneal Granular Dystrophies may include blurred vision, corneal cloudiness, sensitivity to bright lights, and foreign body sensation. The severity and progression of the disease can vary among individuals with different types of dystrophies.
Management of Corneal Granular Dystrophies typically involves conservative approaches such as the use of lubricating eye drops, contact lenses, or glasses to correct vision and relieve symptoms. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove or replace the affected corneal tissue.
Early diagnosis and regular eye examinations are crucial for monitoring the progression of Corneal Granular Dystrophies and managing their impact on vision. Genetic testing may also be recommended to identify specific gene mutations associated with certain types of Corneal Granular Dystrophies.
