The common cold virus, also known as a rhinovirus, refers to a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory system. It is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, a runny or blocked nose, sore throat, and mild fever. The common cold is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide, frequently occurring in individuals of all ages throughout the year.
Rhinoviruses are the primary culprits behind the common cold, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. These viruses are minute and genetically diverse, consisting of a single-stranded RNA enclosed within a protein capsid. They infect the nose and throat by attaching themselves to the mucous membranes, which triggers the body's immune response and leads to the characteristic symptoms of a cold.
The common cold virus is primarily transmitted through airborne droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces and subsequently transferring the virus to the mucous membranes of the nose or eyes.
While the common cold is generally a self-limiting illness that resolves within a week or two, it can cause significant discomfort and inconvenience. Treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms rather than eliminating the virus itself. Adequate rest, hydration, over-the-counter pain relievers, and nasal decongestants are commonly recommended to alleviate discomfort and aid in recovery.
It is important to note that the common cold virus differs from other respiratory viruses such as influenza, despite sharing some overlapping symptoms.
