Carotid Artery Disease refers to a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the carotid arteries, which are major blood vessels located on either side of the neck. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, face, and neck.
The disease typically develops due to a buildup of plaque inside the carotid arteries. Plaque is a substance made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other cellular waste products. Over time, plaque can accumulate and harden, causing the arterial walls to become narrower and less flexible. This process is known as atherosclerosis.
As carotid artery disease progresses, it poses a significant risk to an individual's health. If the artery becomes severely narrowed or completely blocked, blood flow to the brain can be significantly reduced or interrupted, potentially leading to a stroke. The presence of carotid artery disease can also increase the risk of other cardiovascular problems, such as heart attacks.
Common symptoms of carotid artery disease include transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or "mini-strokes," which may cause temporary episodes of weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking on one side of the body. However, many individuals with carotid artery disease remain asymptomatic until a stroke occurs.
Treatment for carotid artery disease may involve lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking. Medications may be prescribed to manage risk factors like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting may be performed to remove or stabilize the plaque and improve blood flow. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to prevent or minimize the potential complications associated with carotid artery disease.
