BITHORAX COMPLEX Meaning and
Definition
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The "bithorax complex" refers to a segment of genes located in the genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, specifically in chromosome 3. It is a region that exhibits a crucial role in the development of the fly's body plan, particularly in the formation of the thorax or midsection.
The complex consists of three genes: Ultrabithorax (Ubx), abdominal-A (abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B). These genes encode for transcription factors, proteins that regulate the expression of other genes. The proteins produced by the bithorax complex genes bind to specific DNA sequences, controlling when and where other genes are turned on or off during development.
Through a process called "homeotic transformation," mutations or alterations in the activity of these genes can lead to the development of additional wings or legs in the thoracic region, instead of the normal two sets. This results in an abnormal phenotype, known as the "bithorax phenotype," where the fly may have a duplicated thorax or other deformities in this area.
The bithorax complex region has been extensively studied due to its significant role in developmental biology. This research has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying body plan establishment and how genes interact to specify different segments during embryogenesis. Moreover, the study of the bithorax complex has contributed to understanding fundamental concepts in evolutionary biology, as it allows researchers to investigate the origins of morphological diversity through changes in gene regulation.
Common Misspellings for BITHORAX COMPLEX
- vithorax complex
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Etymology of BITHORAX COMPLEX
The term "bithorax complex" has its etymology rooted in the field of genetics, specifically in Drosophila (fruit fly) research. The etymology can be broken down as follows:
1. Bithorax: The word "bithorax" is a combination of two Latin components:
- Bi-: Meaning "two" or "double".
- Thorax: Referring to the middle section of an insect's body, between the head and abdomen.
In Drosophila, the thorax normally consists of three segments (one prothorax, one mesothorax, and one metathorax) where wings and legs are attached. However, in certain mutants, one of these segments is transformed into another, causing the presence of two thoracic segments instead of three. This led to the term "bithorax", indicating the doubling of the thorax.
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