ARRAYCGH Meaning and
Definition
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Array CGH, or comparative genomic hybridization, is a molecular cytogenetic technique used in genetics and genomics research for the analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) across the entire genome. It is a high-resolution method that enables the detection of genomic imbalances, such as deletions or duplications, within the chromosomes of an individual.
The term "array" refers to the use of DNA microarray technology, where thousands or millions of DNA probes are immobilized on a solid surface. These probes are specific to different genomic regions and hybridize with the DNA sample being analyzed. CGH, on the other hand, stands for comparative genomic hybridization. In this technique, a test DNA sample and a reference DNA sample are labeled with different fluorescent dyes, typically red and green. These labeled samples are then combined and hybridized to the probes on the microarray.
By measuring the fluorescence intensity of the samples, the relative copy number changes in the test DNA compared to the reference DNA can be determined. Gain or loss of fluorescence signal indicates variations in DNA copy number, which signifies the presence of CNVs in the test sample.
Array CGH has various applications in research and clinical settings. It is used to identify genetic abnormalities associated with developmental disorders, cancer, and other diseases. It aids in identifying novel disease-causing genes, understanding disease mechanisms, and providing diagnostic and prognostic information. This technique has revolutionized the field of molecular genetics by allowing researchers to comprehensively analyze the genome and its alterations in a high-throughput manner.
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