Anhydrous sulphuric acid is a chemical compound that is widely known for its highly corrosive and strongly acidic properties. It is formed by the removal of water molecules (hydration) from sulphuric acid. In its anhydrous state, all the water molecules are eliminated, resulting in a concentrated and dehydrated form of sulphuric acid.
Chemically, anhydrous sulphuric acid is denoted as H2SO4, indicating its composition of two hydrogen (H) atoms, one sulphur (S) atom, and four oxygen (O) atoms. It possesses a molecular weight of approximately 98.09 g/mol. The elimination of water from sulphuric acid enhances its reactivity and makes it highly exothermic when it comes into contact with water.
Anhydrous sulphuric acid is typically a colorless and odorless liquid with a viscous texture. It exhibits a high affinity for water molecules, enabling it to act as a strong dehydrating agent and desiccant. It has numerous applications across various industries, including chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and laboratory processes.
Due to its extreme chemical activity and corrosiveness, anhydrous sulphuric acid demands great caution during handling. It can cause severe burns, respiratory distress, and eye damage upon contact, and its vapors are highly toxic if inhaled. It must be stored in air-tight containers, away from water sources, to prevent the formation of hydrated acid and potential hazards associated with its use.
