Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) is a highly contagious and often deadly viral infection that primarily affects minks, members of the mustelid family. It belongs to the genus Amdoparvovirus within the family Parvoviridae. The disease is named after the Aleutian Islands, where the mink industry was significantly impacted by this viral infection.
AMDV causes a chronic and progressive illness in minks, characterized by a wide range of clinical signs. These symptoms include weight loss, anemia, lethargy, poor coat quality, reproductive failure, and ultimately death. The virus primarily targets the immune system, leading to prolonged and persistent viremia, meaning the virus is continuously present in the bloodstream. This can result in immune complex deposition, leading to a condition called Aleutian disease, which involves severe systemic inflammation and tissue damage.
Transmission of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus occurs through various routes, including direct contact with infected minks, ingestion of contaminated materials, and vertical transmission from the mother to offspring. The virus can also spread through contaminated fomites, such as clothing, equipment, and other objects.
Control measures for AMDV primarily involve strict biosecurity protocols to prevent the introduction of the virus into mink farms, as well as the culling of infected animals to prevent the further spread of the disease. Vaccination is available but its effectiveness varies.
Given the economic impact of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus on the mink farming industry, understanding its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and implementing effective control measures are of paramount importance.
