Adrenal cortical steroids, also known as corticosteroids or corticoids, are a class of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, which is the outermost layer of the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. These steroid hormones play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes in the body.
Adrenal cortical steroids are involved in many essential functions, such as metabolism, inflammation regulation, immune responses, and electrolyte balance. They are further divided into two main types: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are responsible for regulating metabolism, glucose levels, and immune responses. They have anti-inflammatory properties and play a vital role in stress response, influencing the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Mineralocorticoids, the most notable being aldosterone, aid in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body. They primarily act on the kidneys, helping to regulate the reabsorption and excretion of salts and water, consequently impacting blood pressure.
Medical professionals often prescribe synthetic versions of adrenal cortical steroids to treat various conditions, such as asthma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer. These medications can help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system's activity when necessary.
However, long-term or excessive use of synthetic corticosteroids can lead to known side effects, including weakened bones, weight gain, increased risk of infection, and hormonal imbalances. Therefore, the administration of adrenal cortical steroids should be closely monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure optimal treatment outcomes while minimizing potential adverse effects.
